Arbaeen walk as a threshold identity

Document Type : Scientific-Research Article

Author

farhangian university

Abstract

As one of the biggest cultural and social events in the Islamic world, Arbaeen walking ritual is being held every year with the welcome of pilgrims. This collective movement has emerged based on historical, religious, geographical and political components and in the form of Arbaini identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the lived experience and interpretation of student teachers as pilgrims from the Arbaeen pilgrimage. In this study, the researcher has used the narrative interview technique in order to collect data while participating in the walk and participatory observation. The statistical population under study is student teachers who participated in the Arbaeen walk of 1402, who settled in the procession of Farhangian University. Sampling has been done in a targeted and accessible way. Considering that this ritual is considered the suspension of the material thing and during which people are separated from their everyday and ordinary world for a period of time and experience a confrontation with the sacred, therefore the findings of the research are appropriate to the field and for the purpose of deep understanding. Researcher and discipline of the scientific field in the form of dualities, extracted, categorized and arranged, which include: time/place, individual/collective, objective/mental, friend/enemy, poor/rich, plurality/unity, Iranian/Iraqi, Pilgrim/servant is union/separation. The findings indicate that the pilgrims, by participating in this collective ritual, for a period of time, however temporary, coordinate and perform common religious rituals and ceremonies with other pilgrims, and therefore define and recognize themselves in the form of Arbaini identity.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Researching Pilgrimage; Continunity and Transformation. Annals of Tourism
Furrow, J.L.; King, P.E. & White, K. (2004). Religion and Positive Youth Development: Identity, Meaning, and Prosocial Concerns. Applied Developmental Science, (8), 17–26.
Gatrell, J. D. & Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Negotiated space: Tourists, pilgrims and the Baha´’ı´ terraced gardens in Haifa. Geoforum, (37), 765– 778.
Geertz, C. (1971). Islam observed: Religious development in Morocco and ndonisia (Vol. 37). university of Chicago press.
Grime, Ronald. L. (2000). “Ritual” in Braun and McCutcheon, 2000: 259-270.
Hamilton, Malcolm (2009). Jameshenasi Din (The Sociology of Religion), Translated by Mohsen Tholathi, Tehran: Tebyan.
Holland, J.A. & I. Jarvie (eds) (1994). The socia ll philosophy of ernest gellner Atlanta and Amsterdam: Rodopi.
MacCannell, Dean (1976). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class Schoecken, New York: Schocken  Books.
Mujtaba Husein, U. (2018). A phenomenological study of Arbaeen foot pilgrimage in Iraq. Tourism Management Perspectives,Vol. 26.
Mullins, Laurie J. (2009). Management and Organisational Behaviour. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Nieminen, Katri (2012). Religious tourism a finish perspective. Willing, Karla(2008), Introducing Qualitative Research In Psychology: Adventures In Theory And Methods, Open University Press (Second Edition).
Sip, B.N. (2025). quarterly Scientific Journal of “Religion & Communication”. 31(2), (Serial 66), Autumn 2024 & Winter 2025.
Siti, A.L.; Suhaimi Ab, R. & Khairil, A. (2011). A study on Islamic tourism: A Malaysian experience, 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences, Singapore.
Siti, A.L.; Suhaimi Ab, R. & Khairil, A. (2011). A study on Islamic tourism: A Malaysian experience, 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences, Singapore.
Slavin, R. E.; Hurley, E. A. & Chamberlain, A. (2003). Cooperative learning and achievement: Theory and research. In W.
Smith VL. (1992). Introduction: "The quest in guest", Annals of Tourism Research , 19(1), 1-17.
Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (7–24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall).
Turner, V. W. & Turner, E. (2011). Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture. Columbia University Press
Watson, Rod (2009). Analysing Practical and Professional Texts: A Naturalistic Approach. Ashgate Publishing.
 
 
 
References
Ahmadi, Babak (1380). The Mystery of Modernity, Tehran: Markaz Publishing House. (In Persian)
Angouti, Zeinab, Farrokhi, Meysam (1398). Reasons for the Presence and Participation of Iranian Women in the Arbaeen March, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies of the Basij, Year 22, Issue 85, Winter 1398. (In Persian)
Ashrafi, Ibrahim (1377). Social Identitylessness and Western Orientation. Study of Social and Cultural Factors Affecting the Attitude of Teenagers to Western Culture Patterns (Rap and Heavy Metal) in Tehran. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University. (In Persian)
Bagheri, Ismail (A Comparative Study between National and Ethnic Identity) Azad University of Science and Research, Tehran, 1380. (In Persian)
Castells, Emmanuel (2016) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture: The Power of Identity, translated by Ali Paya, Tehran: Tarh No Publications. (In Persian)
Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Researching Pilgrimage; Continunity and Transformation. Annals of Tourism
Cresswell, John W., Plano Clark (2018). Research Methodology, translated by Mehdi Vafaizadeh, Tehran: Zarrin Andishmand Publications. (In Persian)
Doran, Behzad (2018). Social Identity (Approaches and Theories), Tehran: Jihadaneshgahi Publications. (In Persian)
Doroudian, Mohammad Javad (2018). Spiritual Perspective of the Arbaeen Hosseini Walk, Manzar Magazine 10(45), December 2018, pp. 65-56. (In Persian)
Durkheim, Emile (Fundamental Forms of Religious Life), Translated by Baqer Parham, Tehran: Markaz Publishing House. (In Persian)
Firouzi, Javad. Anthropology of Religion and Sacred Symbols in the Thought of Clifford Geertz. Journal of Religions, 1(7), No. 4923. (In Persian)
Flanagan, Richard (2015). The Death of the River Guide, translated by Ali Rezaei, Tehran: Nima Publications. (In Persian)
Flick, Uwe (2008). An Introduction to Qualitative Research, translated by Hadi Jalili, Tehran: NI. (In Persian)
Furrow, J.L.; King, P.E. & White, K. (2004). Religion and Positive Youth Development: Identity, Meaning, and Prosocial Concerns. Applied Developmental Science, (8), 17–26.
Gatrell, J. D. & Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Negotiated space: Tourists, pilgrims and the Baha´’ı´ terraced gardens in Haifa. Geoforum, (37), 765– 778.
Geertz, C. (1971). Islam observed: Religious development in Morocco and ndonisia (Vol. 37). university of Chicago press.
Givyan, Abdullah, Amin, Mohsen (2017), Love and Identity in the Mirror of the Global Arbaeen Demonstration: A Study of the Nature, Functions, and Structure of the Arbaeen March from a Ritual Perspective. Religion and Communications, 24(2), 194-167. (In Persian)
Golmohammadi, Ahmad (2019). Globalization, Culture, Identity, Tehran: Nay Publications. (In Persian)
Grime, Ronald. L. (2000). “Ritual” in Braun and McCutcheon, 2000: 259-270.
Hadavi Moghadam, Mehdi (2018). Theological Principles of Ijtihad. Qom, Press. (In Persian)
Hamilton, Malcolm (2009). Jameshenasi Din (The Sociology of Religion), Translated by Mohsen Tholathi, Tehran: Tebyan.
Hamilton, Malcolm (2018). Sociology of Religion, Translated by Mohsen Salasi, Tehran: Salas. (In Persian)
Hojjati Kermani, Ali (2015). The Prophet (PBUH) in Medina: A Turning Point in the Development of the Islamic Call, Miqat Hajj Publications, Issue 14. (In Persian)
Hojjati Kermani, Ali, (1995). Lebanon as narrated by Imam Musa Sadr and Chamran, Qalam Publications. (In Persian)
Holland, J.A. & I. Jarvie (eds) (1994). The socia ll philosophy of ernest gellner Atlanta and Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Ibn Manzur, Muhammad bin Makram (1408). Lisan al-Arab, edited and edited by Shiri, Ali. Number of volumes: 18. Language: Arabic. Publisher: Dar Ihya al-Turaht al-Arabi - Beirut - Lebanon. (In Persian)
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2019). Sharia in the Mirror of Knowledge, Qom, Raja Cultural Publishing Center, First Edition. (In Persian)
Jenkins, Richard (2013). Social Identity, translated by Touraj Yarahmadi, Tehran, Shiraz Publications. (In Persian)
Kalantari, Abdul Hossein (2012). Discourse from Three Perspectives: Cognitive, Philosophical and Sociological, Tehran: Sociologists' Publications. (In Persian)
Karamipour, Elah Karam, Salehi Ardakani, Mustafa (2015) Analysis and Study of the Nature and Function of Religion from the Perspective of Victor Turner, Journal of Religious Studies, Fourth Year, 3(5). (In Persian)
Khajeh Nouri, Bijan and others (2015). Investigating the Relationship between Religiosity and Social Hope in Female High School Students in Shiraz. Journal of Applied Sociology, Fall 2015, 26(3). (In Persian)
Knoblauch, Hubert (2011). Fundamentals of the Sociology of Knowledge, translated by Keramatollah Rasek, Tehran: Nay Publications. (In Persian)
Maalouf, Amin (2010). Deadly Identities, Translated by Abdolhossein Nik-e-Gohar, Tehran: Publication. (In Persian)
MacCannell, Dean (1976). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class Schoecken, New York: Schocken  Books.
Marwat, Borzo (2011). Arba'in March: Generalization of the Specific Matter, Eighth International Conference on Science and Technology of Educational Sciences, Social Studies and Psychology of Iran. (In Persian)
Marwat, Borzo (2013). Doctoral Thesis: Study of Ethnic and National Identity among the Residents of Alborz Province, Supervisor: Seifollah Seifollahi, Tehran Azad University, Science and Research Branch. (In Persian)
Misbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taqi (2018). Teaching Beliefs, Tehran: International Printing and Distribution Company. (In Persian)
Mohammadi, Asghar (2018). Study of the Social and Personality Characteristics of the Great Arba'in March of Imam Hussein, First National Conference on Arba'in Studies. (In Persian)
Mohammadpour, Ahmad (2018). Zadroosh, Tehran: Sociologists' Publications. (In Persian)
Mousavi, Mohammad, Bayat, Reza (2018), Analysis of the Social and Political Impact of the Functions of the Arbaeen Walking Ritual of Husseini in the Transcendentalism of Shiism, Bi-Quarterly Scientific Journal of Culture and Communication, 3(1), 116-93. (In Persian)
Mujtaba Husein, U. (2018). A phenomenological study of Arbaeen foot pilgrimage in Iraq. Tourism Management Perspectives,Vol. 26.
Mullins, Laurie J. (2009). Management and Organisational Behaviour. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Najafi, Musa (2008). The Formation and Movement of Iranian National Identity. Tehran: Publisher of the Cultural Institute of Knowledge and Superior Thought. (In Persian)
Nieminen, Katri (2012). Religious tourism a finish perspective. Willing, Karla(2008), Introducing Qualitative Research In Psychology: Adventures In Theory And Methods, Open University Press (Second Edition).
Plano Clark, Vicky L., Cresswell, John W. (2018). Research Methodology, translated by Mehdi Vafaizadeh, Tehran: Zarrin Danesh Publications. (In Persian)
Ritzer, George (2019). Contemporary Sociological Theories, Translated by Mohsen Salasi, Tehran: Scientific Publications. (In Persian)
Saadat Far, Hojatollah (2014). Master's thesis "Investigating the Relationship between Religiosity and Religious Identity among Students of Allameh Tabatabaei University", Supervisor: Panahi, Hossein, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University. (In Persian)
Serajzadeh, Seyed Hossein, Nabavi, Seyed Hossein, "A Qualitative Study of the Motivations of Iranian Pilgrims Participating in the Arbaeen Pilgrimage", Journal of Religion and Communication, 27(1). (In Persian)
Sip, B.N. (2025). quarterly Scientific Journal of “Religion & Communication”. 31(2), (Serial 66), Autumn 2024 & Winter 2025.
Siti, A.L.; Suhaimi Ab, R. & Khairil, A. (2011). A study on Islamic tourism: A Malaysian experience, 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences, Singapore.
Siti, A.L.; Suhaimi Ab, R. & Khairil, A. (2011). A study on Islamic tourism: A Malaysian experience, 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences, Singapore.
Slavin, R. E.; Hurley, E. A. & Chamberlain, A. (2003). Cooperative learning and achievement: Theory and research. In W.
Smith VL. (1992). Introduction: "The quest in guest", Annals of Tourism Research , 19(1), 1-17.
Tajbakhsh, Gholamreza, Hosseini, Gholamreza (2019). A Qualitative Study of the Pattern of Expression of Identity of Iranians and Iraqis in the Arbaeen Pilgrimage Ritual, Journal of Social Theories of Muslim Thinkers, 9(2). (In Persian)
Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (7–24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall).
Turner, V. W. & Turner, E. (2011). Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture. Columbia University Press
Watson, Rod (2009). Analysing Practical and Professional Texts: A Naturalistic Approach. Ashgate Publishing.