رتوریک جهاد در نهج‌البلاغه: نقد نواَرسطویی خطبه‌های جنگی امام علی (ع)

Nahjul-Balaghah, as one of the most prominent rhetorical and literary works of Islam, contains the war sermons of Imam Ali delivered in critical and sensitive historical situations. These sermons are not only important from a literary and aesthetic perspective, but also, as outstanding examples of persuasive rhetoric in the context of war and jihad, have the capacity for deep rhetorical analysis. Despite extensive interpretative and literary studies, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the war sermons of Nahjul-Balaghah using the method of the Neo-Aristotelian Critique has not been conducted so far. The purpose of analyzing the rhetoric of jihad in Nahjul-Balaghah using the approach of the Neo-Aristotelian Critique is to discover the rhetorical mechanisms of Imam Ali in dealing with war situations and to identify the argumentative, validation, and emotional arousal patterns in these sermons. Using purposive sampling, eighteen sermons were selected from 241 sermons in Nahjul-Balaghah and analyzed based on the components of the rhetorical situation (speaker, audience, context) and the elements of ancient rhetoric (invention, order, style). The results show that in the logos dimension, the Imam used a wide range of omitted analogies, including similes, conditional, religious, and historical analogies. In the domain of ethos, credibility has evolved from situational expertise to credibility based on behavioral honesty, and in pathos, emotions have shifted from hope and motivation to anger, regret, and despair. Stylistic analysis identified 112 literary devices in ten categories, with simile, metaphor, and contrast being the most frequent. The most important achievement is the mapping of the temporal evolution of rhetoric from “hopeful persuasion” (36-37 AH) to “realistic reproach” (38 AH) and “moral despair” (39-40 AH).